Space is changing rapidly today due to new technologies as well as private investors. Last but not least, space also serves as a workshop for medical research and development. The use of microgravity in medicine ranges from understanding how mechanical forces are processed at the cellular level to prevent bone and muscle deterioration, for example, to the production of 3D tissues from human stem cells that could be used to replace animal experiments or for transplantation. Space medicine thus holds considerable potential for research into human health and performance.