Bacteria are ideal organisms to study evolution in real time. Bacteria always occur in thousands, reproduce quickly and therefore have an enormous potential to adapt to environmental changes. These adaptations can be studied in artificial laboratory systems. As an example, we use the evolution of antibiotic resistance. How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, which we so urgently need to

treat infections? What role do evolutionary processes play in this? Can we prevent or at least reduce the evolution of antibiotic resistance? Together we will discuss these questions and develop evolutionary approaches that could contribute to solving the problem.